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福岡国際問題研究所(Fukuoka Institute of Foreign Affairs)

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2009年 04月 30日

太田述正氏の近代史観の英訳

太田述正氏の近代史観の英訳_f0203194_07188.jpg
19世紀末以降の日本史 太田述正
History of Japan since 19th century by Nobumasa Ohta



(1)基本的スタンス
歴史を語るにあたっては、それが事実を踏まえたものであるかどうかについて、慎重の上にも慎重を期すべきだ。それはそれとして、「正しい」歴史認識などありえない。各自の抱いている価値観に照らし、「もっともらしい」歴史認識であるか「もっともらしくない」歴史認識であるかどうかだけだ。歴史認識について語る際には、自分の価値観を明らかにすべきだ。私の価値観は、専制は悪で自由は善、しかしアナーキーは悪、機会の平等が追求されるべきで、無抵抗の人間を殺すことは極力避けなければならない、というシンプルなものだ。言うまでもなく、これはアングロサクソン的価値観だが、基本的に日本的価値観でもある。「侵略」とは何かとか、「侵略」は常に悪か、といった議論には私は関心がない。戦争(冷戦を含む)については、どちら側が、より上記価値観に則った言動を行っているかどうかを見極めた上で、評価を下すよう心がけている。これは歴史に対する価値観的アプローチだが、文明論的アプローチであると言ってもよかろう。近現代においては、世界は地域史を超えて共通の歴史を織りなすに至っている。日本は、この世界の近現代史の中心的なアクターではない。よって日本を中心とした日本近現代史を描くことは生産的ではない。
(1)My fundamental viewpoint
When you talk about history, you need to consider deliberately whether it is based on the facts or not. Besides that, there is no right perception of history if any in the world, but there are private histories of “may be appropriate”or “may not be appropriate” which vary among individuals according to his/her own sense of values.

When you talk about the perception of history, you need to show your sense of values regarding history. My sense of values is very simple in which autocracy is evil, freedom is virtuous, but anarchy is bad, the principle of equal opportunity is to be pursued, and to kill the people who don’t resist is to be avoided by all means. Needles to say, this is fundamentally Japanese sense of values for history as well as that of Anglo-Saxon.

I am not interested in the discussion at all on something like what an invasion is, or whether invasion is always evil. When I talk about war, I make it a rule to judge the character of the war, after making sure how the parties talk and behave along with the sense of values mentioned above. This is an approach for history based on (enlighted) values, or you may either say it is an approach based on (enlighted) civilizational viewpoint.

In modern-contemporary era, the world has produced a common history encompassing regional histories. Japan has not been a principal actor in modern-contemporary history of the world. Therefore, to describe modern-contemporary history from the viewpoint of Japan is not productive.

(2)世界の近現代史は、自由主義のアングロサクソン文明と専制主義の欧州文明の抗争の歴史である。
(2)Modern-contemporary history of the world is the history of conflicts between civilizations of Anglo-Saxon freedom and that of European autocracy.

(3)ただし、米国はアングロサクソン文明を主、欧州文明を従とする、アングロサクソンのできそこない(bastard)である。
(3)The United States of America is a bastard Anglo-Saxon nation which is based on Angro-Saxon civilization primarily and on European civilization secondarily.

(4)19世紀末から、この抗争は、アングロサクソンと(欧州文明のextensionとしての)ロシアの対峙・抗争へと収斂するに至り、この抗争は約 100年続いた。(19世紀末に中央アジアで展開されたイギリス対ロシアのいわゆる Great Game は、その序章にあたる。) その後は、ロシアと支那の主客が逆転し、アングロサクソンと(欧州文明のextensionのextensionとしての)支那の対峙の時代となって現在 に至っている。ただし、現在においても、ロシアは支那のジュニア・パートナーとして専制主義世界の中で重要な役割を演じている。
(4)The conflict had embraced another confrontation/conflict between Anglo-Saxon and Russia, an extension of European civilization, which had continued for about 100 years. The so called Great Game which had been developed in central Asia towards the end of the 19th century was the beginning of this conflict between Anglo-Saxon and Russia. Afterwards, although the position of Russia was replaced by China who adopted a position of an extension of Russia, the confrontation is still continuing now. Even now, Russia is playing an important role in autocratic world as a junior partner of China.

(5)アングロサクソン文明と世界で最も親和的な文明を持つ日本は、19世紀末から約100年間にわたって、一貫してアングロサクソン側に立ってロシアと対峙、抗争し、その後は支那と対峙し、現在に至っている。この19世紀末以降の日本史は、ロシアに対するところの第一期(1894~1924年)、第二期(1924~53年)、第三期(1953~91年)と、支那に対するところの第四期へと四期に区分できる。
(5)Japan who has the most similar civilization in the world with that of the Anglo-Saxon had confronted and/or fought with Russia standing on the Anglo-Saxon side for all these 100 odd years, and has been opposing China accordingly until now. The history of Japan since the end of the 19th century could be divided into four periods. As for the first three periods, namely the first period(1894~1924), the second period(1924~53) , the third period(1953~91) , Japan had confronted Russia, and the fourth period has confronted China.

(6)第一期:日清戦争、日露戦争、シベリア出兵の時期。
日本はそれぞれ英米から、好意的中立、諜報的・資金的支援、共同出兵、の形で支援を得ながらロシアと間接的、直接的に戦い、文明開化(実態はアングロサクソン化)を掲げて自らの勢力圏を拡大することで、ロシアの勢力圏拡大の阻止、減殺を図った。  (周辺地域の植民地化は、必ずしも日本の望むところではなかったが、「15年」戦争の終焉((7)参照)まで続いた日本の植民地経営は、欧米列強の植民 地経営と比べて、就中英国の植民地経営と比べてすら、成功したものだった。このことは、韓国と台湾の現況と欧米列強の旧植民地の現況を比較するまでもなく明らかだ。)この第一期の大部分の1902~23年、日本は英国と同盟関係にあった。なお、第一期の末期に、ロシアは共産主義の衣を纏うに至る(=ソ連)。
(6)First period: the Sino‐Japanese War (1894‐95),the Russo‐Japanese War (1904‐05), Dispatch of Japanese Troops to Siberia(1918-25)
Japan fought against Russia directly or indirectly while being supported by Great Britain and the United States in terms of their neutral positions in favor of Japan, financing Japan, or dispatching troops on the Japanese side. And Japan also tried to block and lessen the expansion of Russian sphere of influence by raising the banner of civilization and enlightenment, in other words Anglo-Saxonisation, as an official position.

Although colonizing surrounding area was not necessarily happy business for Japan at that time, Japan’s colonial rule that came to an end at the conlusion of the so called 15 Years War(1931~45) was successful in comparison with those of the western powers, particularly Great Britain. This can be clearly illustrated if you compare current situations in Korea and Taiwan with the ex-colonies of the western powers. 

During the main part of the first period, 1902~23, Japan was allied with Great Britain. (Russia introduced communism (which originated in Europe) at the end of the first period and renamed as the USSR.)・・・

(7)第二期:ロシア(ソ連)との対峙(1925年に治安維持法成立)から始まり、満州事変、日中戦争、大東亜戦争からなる「15年」戦争(家永三郎による命名)から朝鮮戦争までの拡大大東亜戦争(私の命名)の終戦に至る時期。
「15年」戦争については、日本は、満州事変に関しては単独で、日中戦争に関しては米国の妨害に抗しながら、更に大東亜戦争に関しては英米と戦争をしながら、ロシアによるところの、(ファシストたる)中国国民党、(ロシアの傀儡たる)中国共産党を手先とした支那への間接侵略と戦った(コラム#2894)。大東亜戦争の最終場面でロシアが前面に出て日本に対して開戦したことを受け、日本は「15年」戦争での敗北を認め、支那と朝鮮半島北部はロシアの勢力圏に入った。朝鮮戦争については、日本を占領していた米国が、朝鮮半島におけるロシアによる間接侵略に直面し、日本のいわば代理として、英国等の協力を得ながら、この間接侵略と戦い、朝鮮半島南部へのロシアの勢力圏拡大阻止に成功した(コラム#2894)。なお、この時期を、日本はアングロサクソン流の自由民主主義国(吉野作造ばりに言えば立憲民本主義国)として迎えた(1925年に普通選挙法成立)。「15年」戦争の末期においても、日本で自由民主主義は機能していた。この戦争末期に(当時の米英同様、)日本で自由が大きく制限されていたからといって、日本が自由民主主義国であったことが否定されるものではない。日本は、「15年」戦争を、自由に表明された国民的コンセンサスに基づいて戦った。なお、(10)参照。
(7)Second period: the period started from facing Russian threat(caused the Maintenance of the Public Order Act in Japan) to the extended Greater East Asian war(named by Nobumasa Ohta) including war of 15 Years (named by Saburo Ienaga) composed of the Manchurian Incident, the Sino‐Japanese war, Greater East Asian war, and the Korean war.

Japan had fought against indirect invasions to Sino carried out by the Chinese Kuomintang of fascist governed by Russia, and against Russian puppet party of Sino-Communist, as an Russian agent, while fighting alone in the Manchurian Incident, emulating the interruption by United States in the 15 Years war, and further waging war with Great Britain and the United States in the Great East Asian war.
Facing outbreak of the war of aggression by Russia in the last stage of Great East Asian War, Japan had conceded the defeat of 15 Years war; consequently Sino and northern part of Korean peninsula were fallen into Russian sphere of influence.

As for Korean War, United States who had occupied Japan so far was confronted with indirect invasion by Russia, and it had fought as if a proxy of Japan, against North Korea and succeeded in stemming the expansion of sphere of influence by Russia while being supported by Great Britain etc. Incidentally, Japan entered in those days as a Liberal-Democratic nation like Angro-Saxon way: constitutional democracy in terms of Sakuzo Yoshino, a well-known philosopher in Japan during Meiji-Taisyo period.  Even in the final stage of 15 Years war, Liberal Democracy had been working in Japan.

It is undeniable that Japan had been a Liberal-Democratic nation, although freedom of speech in Japan had been strictly restricted in the final stage of the war: as same as in Great Britain and the United States. Japan had fought in 15 Years war on the basis of national consensus expressed freely by nation people. Refer to (10)

(8)第三期:米国がロシアと対峙したことに伴い、日本もロシアと対峙した時期。
第三期以降は核時代でもある。 この第三期の間、1960年代には支那がロシアの勢力圏から離脱した。1991年にロシアは共産主義の衣を脱ぎ捨てるとともに領土と勢力圏を再び大幅に失い(=ソ連の崩壊)、もはやアングロサクソンと対峙できる存在ではなくなり、ここに第三期は終焉を迎える。この期において、日本は、一貫して米国と「同盟」関係・・実態は、日本側の意思に基づく宗主国米国との属国(保護国)関係・・を維持した。これに対し米国は、一貫して日本の「独立」を求め続けた。
(8) Third period: Japan had confronted Russia, following the same case of United States.  The age of nuclear weapon has come since third period started.Russia took off the mantle of communism and lost its republic territories and Russian sphere of influence due to collapsing of Soviet Union in 1991, and it could not afford to cope with Angro-Saxon nations any more, consequently the third period had ended.

During the era, Japan had kept an alliance with United States: as a matter of fact, Japan is such level as a tributary state (protectorate) of United States, a suzerain power.However, concerning such Japan's attitude, United States had consistently kept on requiring Japan to be an independent nation aparting from United States.

(9)第四期:ロシアの勢力圏の縮小に伴い、ロシアと支那の国力が主客逆転し、支那がメインとなってアングロサクソンと対峙するようになったことに伴い、日本も支那と対峙するようになった時期。混乱期を経てファシスト国家へと変貌を遂げたロシアは、共産主義を標榜したままファシスト国家へと変貌を遂げた支那に再接近し、支那のジュニアパートナーとなって現在に至っている。(この関係をいわば公式のものとしたのが、2001年の上海協力機構設立だ。)日本は、引き続き米国と「同盟」関係を維持しているところ、米国は、これまた引き続き日本の「独立」を求めている。
(9) Fourth period: As the Russian sphere of influence was getting smaller, national power of Russia was replaced with that of Sino, and then Sino as a main player stood in front position against Angro-Saxon nations, which caused Japan has been confronted Sino.

After period of confusion, Russia had come to Fascist nation which was different from what it had used to be, and it had approached again to Sino who also had metamorphosed into Fascist nation with ideology of communism on, and has kept relationship with Sino as a junior partner of Sino. The relationship between Sino and Russia at that time has consequently turned into Shanghai Cooperation Organization as known officially founded in 2001.

In the mean time, Japan has been still maintaining the relationship with United States which is favorable for Japan, whereas United States has been asking Japan to be an independent nation aparting from United States.

(10)第一~第四期を通じて、日本のスタンスには一貫してぶれがない。他方英米、とりわけ米国は、第二期の「15年」戦争において、ロシア側に立つ、という逸脱行動をとった。これは、当時の米国の、第一に、(欧州文明から引き継いだ)病理的な対有色人種差別意識に基づく東アジア黄色人種に対する牧民意識、第二に、(欧州文明に由来するところの)共産主義/ファシズムに対する甘い認識、第三に、世界の覇権国で(地盤沈下しつつ)あった英国に対する近親憎悪的嫉視、東アジアの覇権国であった(興隆する)日本に対する人種差別的敵意、がしからしめたもの。(第二期において、米国が世界中で(やはり欧州文明由来の)ナショナリズムを推進、支援したのは、それが英日両帝国の解体にも資するイデオロギーだったから。)英国がこの米国の逸脱行動を黙認したり逸脱行動に同調したりせざるをえなかったのは、自国の裏庭である欧州において、その覇権国になろうと目論む専制国家ないしファシスト国家たるドイツの挑戦に、第一期の終わりと第二期の途中で2度にわたり直面したため、米国から、やむなく資金的・軍事的支援を得る必要があったため。なお、緊急避難的に英国は、両大戦において、敵の敵である専制国家/共産主義国家ロシアと共に戦った。(これは日本が、「15年」戦争末期において、緊急避難的に敵の敵であるファシスト国家ドイツと共に戦ったことと好一対。)この米国の逸脱行動により、支那及び朝鮮半島北部にまでロシア勢力圏が広がった。その結果、独裁者毛沢東の下で支那は累次にわたり、総計何千万人にも上る餓死者、虐殺者を出し、朝鮮半島では朝鮮戦争が起き、その後もその北部は金独裁王朝の恐怖政治の下にあるが、それらすべてに米国は大きな責任がある。(ベトナム戦争は、共産主義を掲げたベトナム・ナショナリズムの興隆をロシア勢力圏の拡大と米国が誤認したためにエスカレートしたもの。まさに共産主義の「悪」に目覚めた米国が、羮に懲りて膾を吹いたというところか。)
(10)From first period through fourth period, Japan’s standpoint had been consistent without any deviation, while Great Britain and United States, especially United States conducted deviant behaviors taking a position on Russian side. This was brought about by prejudices as follows that United States had in those days:

First, sense of livestock farming for the yellow race of East Asia based on discrimination against colored people which inherited from European civilization.

Second, optimistic perception for the threat of Communism/Fascism, which originated from European civilization.

Third, hate derived from close ties with and jealous of Great Britain who had declined as hegemonic nation, and hostile feelings based on the sense of discrimination against Japan, as emerging nation in East Asia.

During the second period, why United States promoted nationalism which also originated from European civilization was because that nationalism was useful ideology which could contribute to collapse of empires of Japan and Great Britain.

Why Great Britain tolerates or sympathizes with deviant behavior of United States was because that it needed to acquire financial and military support from United States, due to facing a threat by Germany, a fascist nation which had planned to be hegemonic nation in Europe: the backyard of Great Britain twice towards the end of the first period and also at the middle of the second period.

Incidentally, Great Britain had fought in terms of emergent evacuation together with Russia: autocratic state/communist nation, and enemy of enemy of Great Britain. Japan had fought likewise in terms of emergent evacuation together with Germany: fascist nation, as an enemy of enemy of Japan.

Russian sphere of influence had spread to Sino and northern part of Korean peninsula due to the deviant behavior of United States, which often resulted in massive casualties: over ten millions of death of starvation or massacred in total under the dictatorship of Mao Zedong, also outbreak of the Korean War, and northern part of Korean peninsula has still been under the Kim dynasty, a reign of fearful dictatorship.

Therefore, United States owes enormous responsibility for each of all tragic events. As for Vietnam War, it occurred and escalated by the reason that United States had mistaken rising nationalism in Vietnam for the expansion of Russian sphere of influence.

(11)米国は、第二期の末期にファシズムに対する甘い認識を改め、第三期に入る頃から、共産主義に対する甘い認識も改め、1960年代の公民権法の成立から、今年のオバマの大統領選出へと有色人種差別意識をも相当程度克服し、今や単独覇権の追求を止める兆しすら見える等、急速に自らを純粋なアングロサクソンへと脱皮させつつある。
(11)United States had begun to regret its tolerance for Fascism towards the last stage of the second period, and for communism at the beginning of the third period, also has overcome the sense of discrimination against colored people to gradually as seen in series of events from legislation of civil rights act of 1964, to Barack Obama elected president; besides we can see a sign of declination of its seeking singular hegemony in the world.

These facts show that United States has been changed to pure Angro-Saxon nation.

(12)日本自身も、「15年」戦争の際の軍の統制の乱れ(将校の下克上、兵士の無規律)、兵士の人命の軽視(餓死戦病死兵士の続出、玉砕の多発)と、それにより支那一般住民に不必要に多数の犠牲者を出したことを厳しく反省するとともに、米国による日本の都市無差別爆撃、就中原爆投下、ソ連による満州居留民に対する暴虐行為やシベリア抑留を強く批判し続けるべきだろう。その上で日本は、米国に対し、上記逸脱行為が、米国の第一の原罪たる有色人種差別と並ぶ第二の原罪であること粘り強く説明してその反省を促すべきだろう。私は日本が、米国からの「独立」を達成し、日本による説得によって逸脱行為を反省し、改心して純粋なアングロサクソンとなった米国と(現行の安保条約を廃棄した上で)双務的な同盟条約を締結し、他のアングロサクソン諸国等とも手を携えて世界の平和と安定、そして繁栄に尽力する日が一日も早く来て欲しいと願っている。
(12) Japan needs to reflect severely such facts as disorder of control of army because of trading places by lower officials and indiscipline of soldiers, neglect of human lives such as soldiers of wounded, death of starvation one after another, and frequent occurrence of suicidal battles, during the 15 Years war, which had brought about a numbers of casualties of ordinary citizens in Sino meaninglessly, whereas Japan also ought to keep on accusing United States of indiscriminate bombing onto the cities in Japan, especially atomic bombing onto Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Soviet Union's atrocities for residents in Manchuria, and merciless detention by Soviet Union in Siberia.

Then, Japan should make United States understand her second sin: past deviant behaviors, following original sin: discrimination against colored people, and should call on United States to regret the behaviors. I sincerely hope that Japan will become an independent nation aparting from United States, and conclude the bilateral U.S.‐Japan Security Treaty in exchange for the cancellation of existing one-sided contract with United States who regretted her past deviant behaviors which were pointed out by Japan, and become another purified Angro-Saxon nation.

And I do hope that Japan will contribute to the peace, safety, and prosperity of the world together with Angro-Saxon nations as soon as possible in the future.

by fifa5963 | 2009-04-30 21:54


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